The politics of mass consumption in postwar America by Lizabeth Cohen, Essay

The politics of mass consumption in postwar America by Lizabeth Cohen, - Essay Example Explain how the consumer economy, society, and culture during the World War II era affected women and African Americans and how consumerism in the wartime years provided opportunities for both of these groups to claim greater social and political power as â€Å"citizen consumers. Soon after the World War II, the American administration had adopted an effectuate strategy to reconstruct their economy by promoting and expanding mass consumption. Those who were at the helm of affairs took prosperity of Americans, as a central point of their plan. In their thoughts, the demand driven economy not only provide an opportunity for effective recovery but rekindled hopes in Americans for becoming part of an egalitarian society and to raise their heads being a true democratic nation. The idea of mass consumption provided American citizens to live in an ideal situation than before with equal footings with the neighbors (Cohen, 64). The above move was not accidental. It co relates with the histor ical era of 60s and 70s. At that time, the diversified segments of society comprised of African American origin, women, adults and the old citizens began to assess themselves within the ambit of identity politics. Here, the people’s affiliation with specific community defined their cultural awareness and motivation for a consolidated action. If we look back to the era of 60s, we find that those market managers, who failed to respond to the market demands in terms of innovative products, soon disappeared. Mr. Haley, Vice President and corporate researcher very rightly pointed out "it is easier to take advantage of market segments in vogue than to attempt to create new ones" (Cohen. 68) With the advent of new innovative deals and the ending of World War II, sizeable American Consumers got to know their rights as an individual consumer which was instrumental in promoting the generalized goods. In his book Cohen introduced mass consumption philosophy into four parts. In Part I, s he elaborately discussed the "Origins of the Postwar Consumers' Republic,† concerning 30s and 40s era, when a concept of citizen consumer was coined that emanates from women and African-Americans. The said categories accept it a way of life. They consider it  to be  a safer and equitable market place. In the second part namely "The Birth of a Consumers' Republic," wherein she specifically discussed the role of Consumers? She hailed the patriotism of American nation since they fulfilled their obligations by promoting consumerism as a safe passage to economic equality and the political independence. Cohen identifies how consumer related policies helped the consumers to underwrite in terms of GI Bill and the tax code, which benefited the white middle class males segment greatly at the cost of discriminating other stakeholders with particular reference to women and the African Americans origin (Cohen, 85). She also discussed in her book the existing gap between the promise and the reality with regard to the rights of Consumer, instrumental to ignite civil rights movement. The increasing demand of blacks for public accommodation, stores, theaters and restaurants against the backdrop of black access to house themselves in public accommodation e.g. downtown stores, movie theaters, and restaurants can not be ignored. Above mentioned sites of consumption, overshadowed by the privatized new commercial avenues that comes to surface in suburban America. In part III entitled "The Landscape of Mass Consumption," Cohen apprised its readers that how the suburban America queued racial and income lines in accordance with the study of New Jersey State. For him suburban shopping malls not inclined to adopt the model of urban downtowns. In the last part of discussion that drives out from â€Å"The Political Culture of Mass Consumption," shows how the market trend and the national politics could effectively be dealt with the issues of reinforcement and simplification to cope with after war trends.

Summarize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Summarize - Essay Example m 1960 to 1990 fuelled by donors’ emphasis on basic education, there has been little or no response of economic growth to this educational explosion. This in part, is due to the lack of association between growth in schooling and GDP growth as has been noted in several studies. There is a negative and insignificant relationship evident in the comparison drawn between Asia and Africa. Also, a similar study found that there is no relationship between growth in years of schooling and per capital GDP growth. Another study found that disparity in growth across nations have little to do with variations in human capital growth. To mention but three. Although physical capital and human capital growth may have failed to explain variations in growth, some economists assert that physical capital and human capital can explain the large international variations in income. Such was the endeavor of Gregory Mankiw who points out that â€Å"income in the long run in the Solow model is determined by saving in the form of physical capital and by saving in the form of human capital.† To reconcile his position with the nonrelation of growth in output to growth in human capital, Mankiw ties up some loose ends: in the Solow framework (as applied to poor countries) by adding human capital; of the slow growth of poor countries by holding that once capital accumulation and education are controlled for, poor countries did tend to grow fast; and of the lack of capital flow to poor countries by supposing that physical capital as opposed to human capital could move across countries. Easterly identifies three problems with Mankiw’s relationship between secondary enrollement (which he uses as his measure of human capital saving) and income. Firstly, secondary education is not a sufficient measure of educational accumulation so that Mankiw overstated the variation of education in general by a narrowed concentration on it alone. Secondly, to â€Å"assume that capital flow would equalize rates of