U.s. s Welfare Programs - 2331 Words

Introduction This paper explores five different sources that report information about the U.S.’s welfare programs. The sources discuss when welfare first came about as well as the changes that have occurred over the years. This paper will inform, analyze, and state my opinion on the affect of welfare in the United States. I will discuss the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, the Welfare-to-Work initiative, and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). This paper will state my opinion of the welfare changes made in Congress in 1996, after giving you details of what was changed in the welfare programs. History of Welfare One of the biggest helps of the government is known as welfare. The welfare I am referring to is the financial help provided by the government to those in need. The United States Welfare programs and policies were put into place to help make individuals more self-sufficient, but it has been taken for granted by far more people than it has been intended to help. Aid to Dependent Children or ADC (later renamed Aid to Families with Dependent Children, AFDC) was under the Social Security act of 1935. Aid to Dependent Children was established to provide support to mothers with children who were below the poverty line. These programs created are called safety net programs, because they offer some type of coverage for those who find themselves without jobs or income. These programs work differently in each state, andShow MoreRelatedThe Temporary Assistance For Needy Families1536 Words   |  7 Pages(TANF) program that was established in 1996. It examines the development and goals of the policy as well as addresses the target population that benefits from this program. A review of the agencies associated with TANF and the benefits the program provides to its clients is also given. In addition, the funding sources of TANF are addressed. Lastly, it examines the social issue this program is meant to address. Policy Paper 1: Analysis of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program IntroductionRead MoreThe Preamble Of The Constitution1632 Words   |  7 PagesConstitution it states that one of the reasons the U. S. Constitution was set up was to promote the general welfare of the people. This provision foresees the legal American right for citizens to have its government serve the welfare of the people. However, the constitution states that this welfare is for the people’s general welfare– not welfare which takes resources from the people to benefit certain states or certain people. Those who receive the welfare are mainly poor and not actively seeking jobs;Read MoreThe Issue Of Welfare And Welfare1360 Words   |  6 Pagessocial security payment. This is essentially what welfare is. Welfare comes in all different shapes and sizes but its main focus is to take money from taxes and hand it out to the people who need it. Now welfare as a whole is a very understandable system and is very helpful to those who fall out of work and need a little help to sustain themselves while they get back on their feet. However, people are living on welfare and will always live on welfare until the government makes improvements within itsRead More Wellfare Reform Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagestwenty years, welfare fraud and abuse has become an overwhelming problem. Large numbers of people are living off the government alone, with no attempt of finding work. Our welfare system is out of date and needs to be slimmed down. Congress needs to eliminate the mindset of Americans that welfare can be used as a free ride through life. No matter how liberal or conservative, all politicians agree that welfare costs could be greatly reduced if abuse and fraud were eliminated. Welfare was first introducedRead More Argument for Welfare in the United States Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesTemporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF), as described by Robert Kuttner, is a government aid program designed to help all of the working poor rise out of poverty. It includes tuition reimbursements, wage supplements, and above all, childcare? (Kuttner). It creates a more equal opportunity for those at a disadvantage to improve themselves and their situation. TANF, which limits the time families can remain on welfare, appears to be a smashing success (Cohn). First, if eligibility were to become stricterRead MoreWelfare Reform : The United States1457 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Welfare s purpose should be to eliminate, as far as possible, the need for its own existence. Ronald Reagan said this statement on January of 1970 when the Los Angeles Times interviewed him (Williamson). Federal government funded welfare in the United States started in the 1930s during the Great Depression. Because of the vast numbers of people out of work and with insufficient funds to buy food for their families, President Franklin D. Roosevelt approved a program to giveRead MoreWelfare Policy And The American Government1162 Words   |  5 Pages Welfare Policy Lana Eliot Sociology 320 Professor Mentor March 26, 2016 When a person first hears the word welfare, they think of free money, food and lazy people. This is such a stereotyped opinion of all that the welfare system is and what it does for millions of individuals and families in the United States. To socially define welfare one could view it as a: social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material well-being of people in need† (dictionary.com). BecauseRead More Proposal To Reduce Unemployment Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagesemployees in the situation that they lose their jobs. The unemployment benefits provides temporary financial assistance to eligible workers who are unemployed through no fault of his/her own. Under this, each state administers a separate insurance program to provide financial service to those qualified under state law. In order to meet these requirements an employee must have a base period, or wages earned during a certain time. The base period is usually the first four out of all five calendar qu artersRead MoreChild Welfare Services Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pageschose to research about is Child Welfare Services. This topic has a variety of different regulations and forms that makes this program run. Child Welfare Services have been around for quite some time and has been helping out as much as they are allowed to. This program has a time line of many important events that all build up the Child Welfare program. First off in 1909 the white house had the first national Conference on the Care of Dependent Children (Child Welfare League of America, n.d.). TheseRead MoreEssay on Current US Welfare Reform 763 Words   |  4 PagesThe current (US) welfare reform consists of more than cash payment that the poor US citizen could bank on. There is a monthly payment that each poor person received in spite of their ability to work. The main people who received this payment were both mothers and children. Moreover, the payment does not have time limit and those people could not remain on the welfare for the rest of their live. However, US citizen begun to be uncomfortable with the old welfare system by the 1990’s because it did

Why Was Italy Not Unified After the Congress of Vienna...

Before the Congress of Vienna the French occupation had far reaching affects on Italy. The power of the Church and the Pope was reduced, changes were made in landownership and land was redistributed. A new middle class began to appear. Agriculture was improved and the peasants were freed from their old feudal ties and obligations. Then when Napoleon was defeated and the restoration of the old regime and monarchs was started, Italy again became a country divided into eleven independent states, excluding the tiny principalities and the Republic of San Marino. So Italy was not unified after the Congress of Vienna due to a number of reasons, such as the foreign influence of the Central European Powers, parochialism within the states, the lack†¦show more content†¦The lay people had no part in government, apart from a few lay members of advisory bodies called ‘congregations. Politically, Italy was fragmented. Further, half the states were governed by kings or dukes who alread y occupied or hoped soon to inherit the thrones of the non-Italian countries. Venice and Piedmont had dominions outside Italy. The Papacy had worldwide ecclesiastal concerns. The peninsula was not merely divided; the boundaries and interests of its states ignored its natural frontiers. Equally, there still survived three ancient republics of importance: Venice, ruling a considerable empire on the eastern shores of the Adriatic and a large territory, known as the Veneto, on the mainland of Italy; Genoa, which until 1768 governed the island of Corsica; and Lucca. After the Papal States there were five significant duchies. Of these members of the Austrian royal House of Habsburg, Milan direct from Vienna, and Tuscany, ruled the two most important separately. The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was under a Spanish Bourbon, but could not be united either with Spain or with Naples and Sicily. The Duke of Modena and the Duchess of Massa and Carrara represented Italian dynasties. So the foreign influence of the Central European Powers both before and after the congress of Vienna was major a factor in Italys remaining as eleven independent states rather than becoming united. Foreign influence was not the only reason that Italy was not united by 1815,Show MoreRelatedUnification of Germany Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesbelief of nationalism; the belief that their loyalty was owed to the nation as a whole. This loyalty was believed to be owed to a nation of people who share a common history and language as its core. Due to the growing want for true self-government in Europe, people began calling for unity. Once these nations were created, governments wanted their country to be the strongest and most powerful. A growing sense of pride by the people that their nation was the greatest led to wars to prove who truly hadRead More In What Major Respects Had Europe Changed By 1971 From The Situation I2237 Words   |  9 Pages From the 1815 until the 1871, Europe underwent a great change. As the revolution of the 1830s showed, the Vienna Settlement did not last, even though the great European powers were able for a while to take the situation under control wit h brutal repression. However, it was impossible to stop the liberal revolution, which led to important political events and deep social changes. In the political field there are three major events: the rise of Napoleon III, the unification of Germany and the ItalianRead MoreWithin the Context of Germany 1789 – 1890 How Important a Role Did Bismarck Play in the Unification of Germany?4340 Words   |  18 PagesOn 23 September 1862, Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was appointed Minister-President and Foreign Minister of Prussia . Within nine years a new German nation state was created by the unification of the numerous independent German-speaking states in central Europe. The creation of Germany as a cohesive political and integrated country occurred on 18 January 1871 at the palace of Versailles in France. Following the military defeat of France by Prussia in the Franco/Prussian war, (July 1870 to JanuaryRead MoreHistory HL Paper 3 Europe6131 Words   |  25 Pagesexamine rs in this examination session. It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person without the authorization of IB Cardiff. –3– 1. M08/3/HISTX/HP3/ENG/TZ0/EU/M+ To what extent was the French monarchy both the main cause and the main victim of the 1789 French Revolution? This question is about the French monarchy as an institution, not only Louis XVI, thus the first part of the question needs an analysis of the nature of the monarchyRead More Motives for British Imperialism in Africa Essay5613 Words   |  23 PagesImperialism in Africa Before the Europeans began the New Imperialism in Africa, very little was known about the inner parts of the continent. However, after some explorers delved deeper into the heart of Africa, the Europeans soon realized how economically important this area was, and how much they could profit from it. At the time, Britain had only small occupations of land in Africa, but after they realized that they could make money from the rich resources from the inner regions of AfricaRead MoreMotives for British Imperialism in Africa5664 Words   |  23 PagesBritish Imperialism in Africa Before the Europeans began the New Imperialism in Africa, very little was known about the inner parts of the continent. However, after some explorers delved deeper into the heart of Africa, the Europeans soon realized how economically important this area was, and how much they could profit from it. At the time, Britain had only small occupations of land in Africa, but after they realized that they could make money from the rich resources from the inner regions of AfricaRead MoreRevolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750–185010951 Words   |  44 Pagessociety. One way of doing so was to classify and systematize knowledge; another way was to search for natural laws that was thought to underlie human affairs and to devise scientific techniques of government and social regulation. 2. John Locke argued that governments were created to protect the people; he emphasized the importance of individual rights. Jean Jacques Rousseau asserted that the will of the people was sacred; he believed that peopleRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAssociation TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesregistered trademarks of FSCreations, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C

International Of Electronics Engineering †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Of Electronics Engineering? Answer: Introducation The report will discuss in detail about the concept of cloud computing and various issues surrounding it. The concept of cloud computing has completely changed the way IT is managed as well as consumed in the organizations. It promises improved level of cost effectiveness, elevated level of innovation, quicker time to market the product and the capacity to be able to scale applications based on demand. The concept got popular in 2008 and further continued making a major impact through various models and the advantages seemed to be substantia (Chen Zhao, 2012). But with the emergence of cloud computing and development which was rapid in conceptual terms and, as well, there were number of legal, service quality, economic, security and privacy based challenges in the market needed to address. Summary of two peers research paper on cloud computing The important security and privacy issues in cloud computing are discussed in detail below: Network and data: there are number of phases in security network as well as data security discussed in detail below: - Data confidentiality: the concept of data confidentiality is a prominent issue which is required to be considered especially when highly confidential data is outsourced to the cloud. It can be accomplished via encrypting the data but there are number of critical issues in the process because of distribution as well as management of keys (Sen, 2013). Data integrity: the process of integrity is based on verifying the data and it further ensures the overall quality of data. In this model, integrity of data storage is a crucial and significant need since it proves in consistency, validity and regularity. With cloud based service needs and rise in it, the CSP requires to scale up the overall storage systems and this further may lead to high possibility of loss in data, corruption of data, failure of disk and many more. Data availability: the services are developed for the users and must be made available to them whenever required. At the same time, there are number of situation that are present in which data availability is not properly guaranteed. For instance, in unavoidable case like natural disasters, it is important to gain knowledge about the way data is used, verified as well as recovered by the owner of the data (Sen, 2013). Governance, compliances and legal issues: the physical place of the server based farm and cloud based infrastructure must be confidential by nature since the physical security of the infrastructure is also very crucial. The concept of CSP should have a process to save the customer data if there is any kind of suspected threat. In addition, this should be shared with the customers on request. Moreover, the purifying of the stored data in the cloud is a critical challenge which is needed to be discussed (Sen, 2013). The users of cloud must be assured that data will always be safe even when the cloud based service providers will collapse or gained by another organization. The cloud based users should also understand on how they can get the data back. Communication interface and virtual security: the users of cloud have an integral part to play in making sure that cloud services are secure. This is primarily because of the nature of connections as well as devices utilised by the users of cloud to connect to the cloud and has its own set of implications in security (Sen, 2013). Security and Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing The report addressed the various security and privacy based issues in cloud computing. There are number of issues in security for cloud computing since it passes many level of technologies consisting network, operating system, databases, resource based scheduling, balancing of loads, concurrency control and management of memory. Thus, security issues for many such systems as well as technologies can be applied to cloud computing as well. For instance, the network that can interconnect with the system in cloud must be safe. In addition, the virtualization based paradigm in cloud computing further leads to many security issues. For instance, cases like mapping the current virtual machinery for the physical level machines must be carried out in safe manner (Awodele et al, 2017). The process of data security consists of encryption the data along with making sure that right policies are applied for data sharing. Moreover, resource allocation and management of memory related to algorithms must be secured as well. In the end, the process data mining methods must also be applied for the detection of malware in the system based on the approach which is adopted normally in IDSs also called intrusion detection system. There are six principal areas in cloud computing issues where tools and software are needed for substantial level of security attention. These six areas are securing data at rest, securing it at transit, authentication procedure, robust separation based on data belong to different consumers, regulatory issues and incident based response (Awodele et al, 2017). Issues not addressed in the discussion There is no are in ICT which is not touched by Cloud computing. Two important issues in security as well as privacy issue are: Losing control over data Dependency on the provider of cloud computing The above-mentioned issues can result in number of legal as well as security based concerns associated with infrastructure, management of identity, access based control, management of risk, regulatory based legal compliance, logging and auditing, control in integrity along with cloud computing concepts based on risks (Jansen, 2011). Following is the overall impact of above-mentioned issues: - There are number of consumers that are aware of the danger of helping the data control out of the hand as well as storing data with an external cloud based computing provider. Data must be compromised by the system provider or other organization in competition where customers with similar cloud computing provider will help. The transparency is also lacking for the number of customers on how, why, when and where the current data processing can happen (Takabi et al, 2010). This is in complete opposite of the data protection needs that customers must know about the happening with the data. There are number of cloud computing providers that can work on data mining tools to evaluate user based data. This is a very sensitive activity and since the users are normally storing as well as processing data which is sensitive by nature while usage of cloud based services. This is specifically right for various social media application that motivate the user to share a lot of their personal lives (Walia, 2017). Mobile device, specifically with the restricted storages as well as computing capacities are the main drivers for holding services as provided by the cloud computing despite the usage of software on single computers. In fact, the data that can be transferred from one mobile machine to another, are usually transferred through the cloud and when cloud based application on mobile device are integral part. Therefore, users usually put everything at risks without noticing the changes since they automatically assume that the data can be transferred (Abbas et al, 2017). Cloud computing is presented in a form of service, it must be accessed in remote areas. The overall connection that exist between the provider of cloud computing and customers is not always rightly saved. There are number of security risks that also threatens the transfers that consist of eavesdropping or spoofing of DNS and many other kinds of attacks. The overall shift in cloud computing ensures the usage of traditional management of risk approaches that are hard sometimes. Even though can control the data transfer to the cloud providers, along with risk management and compliance with issues can split between the cloud based provider (Tatwani Tyagi, 2015) Important lesson from the discussion It is important to consider following points in case of cloud computing issues: - Risk management and legal based issues should be defined rightly in the contract between the provider and the customers. There must be transparency about the process and storing of the data. This way, the overall trust between the provider and consumer will be gain some strength (Saha et al, 2014). The service provider must complaint in regulatory and legislative cell, when the consumers require to follow and consumers must have the power to complaint with respective system. The issues as well as the risks associated with it can impact data protection guidelines in Europe and must be considered rightly when cloud computing platforms are rightly located on servers. The line of communication that exist between the provider as well as the consumer must be rightly saved to make sure the process of confidentiality, authentication, integrity and moreover to reduce the risk of denial of service based attacks. An open platform with clear instructions related to measurements that ensure the security of interaction line that is obligatory by nature for any provider and must be based on open as well as transparent standards with technologies (Subashini Kavitha, 2011). The concept of cloud computing provider must also be obliged to make sure that there is data confidentiality. There are number of important deletion of data that must be inculcated into potential regulation of various cloud computing services and it must not depend on too much. The reason that there is no full proof guarantee with complete deletion of data must be considered when data is collected as well as stored. Reference Abbas, H., Maennel, O., Assar, S. (2017). Security and privacy issues in cloud computing. Awodele, O., Adebayo, A. O., Tayo, O. O. (2017). Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing.Communications,7, 14-17. Chen, D., Zhao, H. (2012, March). Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Jansen, W. A. (2011, January). Cloud hooks: Security and privacy issues in cloud computing. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 1-10). IEEE. Saha, T., Sen, P., Datta, A. (2014). Security and Privacy Issues In Cloud Computing.Communication, Cloud and Big Data: Proceedings of CCB 2014. Sen, J. (2013). Security and privacy issues in cloud computing.Architectures and Protocols for Secure Information Technology Infrastructures, 1-45. Subashini, S., Kavitha, V. (2011). A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing.Journal of network and computer applications,34(1), 1-11. Takabi, H., Joshi, J. B., Ahn, G. J. (2010). Security and privacy challenges in cloud computing environments.IEEE Security Privacy,8(6), 24-31. Tatwani, L. N., Tyagi, K. R. (2015). Security and Privacy issues in Cloud Computing.International Research Journal of Computer and Electronics Engineering (IRJCEE, USA), ISSN. Walia, S (2017). Security and Privacy issues in Cloud Computing.

William Shakespeare wrote the Tragedy of Macbeth in approximately 1606 AD Essay Example For Students

William Shakespeare wrote the Tragedy of Macbeth in approximately 1606 AD Essay William Shakespeare wrote the Tragedy of Macbeth in approximately 1606 AD. He loosely based it on a historical event occurring around 1050 AD. Macbeth is the story of a nobleman, who, while trying to fulfill a prophecy told to him by three witches, murders his King to cause his ascension to the throne of Scotland. After the Kings murder, Macbeth reigns as a cruel and ruthless tyrant, who is forced to kill more people to keep control of the throne. Finally, Scottish rebels combined with English forces attack Macbeths castle, and Macbeth is killed by a Scottish Thane named Macduff who has sacrificed everything to see peace return to Scotland. In the play, the word blood is mentioned numerous times. Shakespeares use of this particular word is significant; he uses it to develop the character of Macbeth and the unfolding events of the drama. The powerful symbolic meaning of blood changes from the beginning to the end. We will write a custom essay on William Shakespeare wrote the Tragedy of Macbeth in approximately 1606 AD specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Near the beginning of the play, after Macbeth and the Scottish army defeated the rebel Macdonwalds army, a bleeding sergeant comes on stage. The sergeant then proceeds to describe the battle and how bravely Macbeth and his friend Banquo fought, For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name- / Disdaining fortune, with his brandishd steel / Which smokd with bloody execution, / Like valors minion carvd out his passage Act I, Scene 2, Lines 19-21 Blood is symbolic of bravery and courage in this passage. Blood shed for a noble cause is good blood. However, Macbeths character changes throughout the play are characterized by the symbolism in the blood he sheds. Before Duncans murder, Macbeth imagines seeing a dagger floating in the air before him. He describes it, And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, / Which was not so before. Theres no such thing: / It is the bloody business which informs / Thus to mine eyes. The blood imagery in this passage obviously refers to treason, ambition, and murder. This is a stark contrast to what blood meant earlier in the play. Blood, once seen as a positive value, is now associated with evil. This imagery also shows the beginning of Macbeths character transformation from a personage of nobility, honesty, and bravery to that of treachery, deceit, and evil. After Macbeth murders Duncan, he begins to realize the severity of his crime as he tries to wash Duncans blood off his hands, Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand? No; this hand will rather / The multitudinous seas incarnadine, / Making the green one red. Act II, Scene 2, Lines 71-75 This passage illustrates the act of murder has changed Macbeths character. No longer does the blood connote an image of ambition; it now symbolizes guilt, remorse, and an entry into the gates of hell from which no one can return. Macbeth laments that not even all the water in the ocean will wash the blood off his hands, he is beginning to realize the magnitude of his crime, and that he has done something truly evil. This same blood symbolism continues when Macbeth, shortly after he sees the ghost of the murdered Banquo at his feast, goes into a state of shock and has to be escorted back to his chamber by Lady Macbeth. He tells Lady Macbeth before he goes to sleep, All causes shall give way: I am in blood / Steppd in so far that, should I wade no more, / Returning were as tedious as go oer: Act III, Scene 4, Lines 159-161 We now find that Macbeth has entered so far into hell and the world of evil, it is impossible for him to return to righteousness. He will be forced to kill more and more people in order to retain control of the throne. The sins he has committed have not only perverted his virtuous life, but have condemned him to an eternity in hell. .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .postImageUrl , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:visited , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:active { border:0!important; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:active , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tragedy of Tess of the D'Urbervilles EssayThere is no chance of redemption; he has permanently allied himself with the forces of evil. Like her husband, the once ambitious Lady Macbeth finally realizes the significance of associating herself in the murder plot, and the severe repercussions it will bring. Tormented by nightmares, she sleepwalks through her bedroom and cries, What, will these hands neer be clean? Heres the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of / Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Act V, Scene 1, Lines 40, 46-47 The blood imagery exhibits Lady Macbeths guilt over Duncans murder. Her hallucinations of blood on her hands and her constant efforts to wash it off demonstrate that the agony of having guilty feelings is causing her to go insane. We later learn that this guilt strains her mind to the point that she commits suicide. In the plays final scene, Macduff confronts Macbeth to avenge the murders of his children and his wife at Macbeths hand, and to see Malcolm established as the rightful King. As Malcolm sees Macbeth, he exclaims, I have no words: / My voice is in my sword, thou bloodier villain / Than terms can give thee out! Act V, Scene 8, Lines 8-10 Macbeth and Macduff then engage in a fight to the death with Macduff eventually emerging victorious. When Macduff, mentions blood, it speaks to justified bloodshed, and revenge. Shakespeare uses this blood imagery to enhance the audiences understanding of Macbeths character. The audience has now witnessed the complete transformation of Macbeth. He begins as a noble, just and brave person, to becoming evil, ambitious, and treacherous during Duncans murder, to his final feelings of remorse for his crime and finally, to the realization that he will be punished for his sins.

Huntington †Clash of Civilizations

Huntington – Clash of Civilizations Free Online Research Papers In his famous article Clash of Civilizations?, which was published in the summer of 1993 issue of Foreign Affairs, Huntington proclaims that with the end of the Cold War, a new basis of division has emerged in the world; the ideological conflicts of the past will be replaced by inter-cultural conflicts involving civilizations. Huntington identifies seven or eight major, contemporary civilizations: the Western, Latin American and Orthodox (these two possibly being derivations of Western civilization but with an own cultural identity), Islamic, Sinic, Hindu and Japanese, with the possibility of an African civilization completing the list. Furthermore, the conflict is unavoidable and will take place across civilizational borders or fault-lines. The clash will almost inevitably affect Australia as well, since it is part of Western civilization as shown in 2.1 – and due to the intensity of the clash Western vs. Islamic civilizations, Australia could face challenges due to its Muslim neighbours. Furthermore, Australia is also affected, not only by such fault-line conflicts, but also by the possibility of a loss of cultural identity due to its attempts to integrate in economic regional institutions such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). Another example for the special case that Australia offers is the aspect of the torn countries. These are nations that have their own homogeneous culture and can’t be affiliated to a civilization as understood by Huntington, which would leave Australia as an independent entity. To what extent Huntington is right with his affirmations, and if they can really steer the system of modern international politics, will be discussed by applying his thoughts to Australia as a showcase scenario. For a better understanding of the underlying problems, we will firstly depict Huntington’s statements and later apply his thoughts to the situation of Australia in the international system. By doing so, we will prove Huntingtons paradigm wrong in various ways. 2. What are Civilizations and why will they clash For Huntington the grouping of countries into the first, second or third world is no longer of importance. The only thing that matters is their cultural and ethnic, in short, civilizational allegiance. But what are civilizations, in which ways do they differ from one another and why will they clash? 2.1 Civilizations, Culture and Religion Culture is the highest level of identity for Huntington, it is the broadest level of identification an individual can have with a collective (i.e. ethnic or religious groups). It is what all Arabs or Hindus have in common and at the same time, differentiates them from Westerners or Africans. It is, in a sense, the smallest common noun in a group itself defined by culture. And this cultural entity is what takes the form of a civilization. The criteria by which he differs civilizations from one another are origin, religion, language, history, values, customs and traditions, institutions. According to this, Huntington divides the world into eight civilizations: the Western, Latin American, Orthodox, Islamic, Sinic, Hindu, Japanese and African. Five of these have their respective core state (leading country) or states: for Western civilization it is the European Union (EU) and the United States; for the Orthodox civilization it is Russia; for the Sinic civilization, China; for the Hindu civilization, India; and for the Japanese civilization, Japan. There is no such core state for the Islamic civilization (being so widespread Huntington prefers to point out three subdivisions: the Arabic, Turkish and Malaysian ), nor for Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. The division of countries into civilizations seems random since Greece is not part of Western civilization but of the Slavic-orthodox, even though it is a member of the European Union and NATO and Western civilization is based on the classic-Greek civilization. Furthermore, even though they both form part of the Islamic civilization, there is little in common between Tunisia and Indonesia apart from religion. Thus, the central aspect in Huntington’s differentiation between civilizations is of religious nature even if he prefers to call it cultural. In der modernen Welt ist Religion eine zentrale, vielleicht sogar die zentrale Kraft, welche die Menschen motiviert und mobilisiert.â€Å" â€Å"()Menschen kmpfen und sterben fà ¼r ihren Glauben.â€Å" To the six major civilizations Huntington has depicted, we can assign one world religion or subordinate branch (the catholic/protestant and the orthodox are all Christians) to each Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, Christianit y, and Islam – or to put it in his own words: †die grossen Religionen sind () in einem sehr realen Sinn die Grundlagen, auf denen die grossen Zivilisationen ruhen.â€Å" 2.2 Why Civilizations will Clash Huntington exposes six reasons why it will come to a clash between civilizations. First, the differences between civilizations are basic. They are â€Å"the product of centuriesâ€Å" and „far more fundamental than differences among political ideologies and political regimesâ€Å" Since man is born into them, they play a substantial part in the kind of education received. This implies that differing views in subjects such as God and man or family values of a socio-political kind will inevitably lead to conflict. Second, the increasing interactions between civilizations make the differences and commonalities between them clearer, sharpening predilections or prejudices and thus intensifying cultural consciousness. Third, the global economic modernization estranges people from their traditional identities, weakening the nation state as source of identity and fostering the revival of religion and religious movements. â€Å"Global has no roots and people want roots.â€Å" Only through globalization do people notice their cultural belonging. Fourth, the West, with its dominating role in the international stage, can either motivate to join or create the opposite †back to the rootsâ€Å" phenomenon. Other civilizations won’t let their values be felt as inferior to those of the West, and they †increasingly have the desire, the will and the resources to shape the world in non-Western ways.† Fifth, the impossibility to change cultural differences makes it very difficult to overcome them since †they are less easily compromised and resolved than political and economic onesâ€Å". So the question asked by Huntington is †what are you?â€Å", since †a person can be half-French and half-Arab and simultaneously even a citizen of two countries. It is more difficult to be half-Catholic and half-Muslim. â€Å" Again, the religious belief is the biggest defining element when finding out the alignment of the individual. Finally, the increase in economic regionalism will reinforce civilization-consciousness and at the same time can only succeed based on a common culture. NAFTA (Mexico became member in 1996), ASEAN or Mercosur serve as examples, as do the difficulties Japan faces in creating a similar economic institution. 2.3 The Conflicts along the Faultlines and the Kin-country Syndrome The faultlines are the borders between civilizations, which is where the cultural battles will take place. It seems that Western and Islamic civilizations have been in conflict for the past thirteen-hundred years culminating in the Iraqi and Yugoslavian wars, †(t)his centuries old military interaction between the West and Islam is unlikely to decline. It could become more virulent.† The next idea worthy of comment is the kin-country syndrome which holds for a self-evident truth, that the rallying of allies is easiest and almost exclusive to countries of the same civilization 2.4 The West versus the Rest The West dominates every aspect of international relations, be it of political, security or economic kind since it plays the leading and founding role in the major international institutions (i.e. U.N., IMF, WTO). For instance, it has three seats out of five in the U.N. Security Council and â€Å"(t)hrough the IMF the West promotes its economic interests and imposes on other nations the economic policies it thinks appropriate.† Huntington sees the actions taken by the West as assuring and maintaining of Western predominance in the globe, which he finds necessary. But at the same time, other states, like China, will not accept a world in which its values are regarded as inferior to those of the West and will not accept global socio-economic institutions which limit its possibilities. â€Å"The values that are most important in the West are least important worldwide† and trying to affirm or impose them on an international institution or maybe even on another culture ca n cause misunderstandings and will lead to a re-indigenization or reaffirmation of traditional values. Huntington sees three possible reactions to Western hegemony from other states. The first option is to follow a course of isolation from the West and western policies as North Korea does. Unluckily though, this can only be achieved through massive public-control by the state so as to avoid the cultural Westoxication of the nation in question. This is not only costly but also proves to be a Herculean task, since ranging from the internet to the purchase of the simplest necessity, the West is almost always involved and present (for example the free market, freedom of speech, etc). The second possibility is â€Å"band-wagoningâ€Å" which means to try and join a country on the rise instead of looking for the classical balance of power. It involves accepting the leading country’s values and institutions. Turkey would be a good example since it is trying to join the EU. It is also what Huntington denominates a torn country, which will be explained in the following chapter. The third and last possibility is for a country or group of them to try and build a counter-balance to the West. To work though, they need a more or less equal military capacity as well as economic power, and while cooperating with each other (either intra- or inter-civilizational) to â€Å"[preserve] indigenous values and institutions; in short, to modernize but not to Westernize.â€Å" So Huntington acknowledges that the existing structure of international institutions is indeed a product of Western hegemony and reflects Western values. Only by adopting a policy of coexistence and recognizing the legitimacy of the values the other civilizations hold as sacred, can a violent conflict between civilizations be avoided. 2.5 The Torn Countries A torn country has a homogenial culture (i.e. customs, history, religion, etc.) Normally its history, culture and traditions are mostly non-Western but their leaders, according to Huntington , usually seek a bandwagoning strategy to join the West but they also have to heed the wishes of the antagonistic, traditionalist forces. For a torn country to be accepted into a new civilization, there are three requirements it must meet: First, the intellectual elite of the country must be willing to and support the change, since they are the ones to make the future changes. Second, the citizens of the country must be willing to adopt their new identity as well, since they are the bearers of the burden. Third, the civilization the country in question wants to join must be willing â€Å"to embrace the convert†. 3. Making the Case for Australia 3.1 Australias Place in the World According to Huntingtons own explanation, Australia is part of Western civilization. About 95% of Australians are of European descent (mostly British and Irish), with a minority of its population being of Asian (1,5%) or indigenous (2.2%) descent. Around 70% of its population has Christian beliefs, and its form of government is a Parliamentary Monarchy (i. e. Democratic form of government); which undoubtedly situates Australia in the midst of western countries. 3.2 Conflicts and Faultlines Now that the question of Australias civilizational affiliation is cleared, the question of intercultural conflicts arises. First, the most obvious faultline that affects Australia emerges from the border with Indonesia, a Islamic country. Since the 1970s the greatest priority of Australian foreign policy had been to have good diplomatic ties with Indonesia. So it came, that PMs Whitlam, Hawke and Keating kept supporting Indonesia in a show of Chamberlainesque appeasement, even after they had invaded East-Timor (a predominantly Catholic country) in 1975 . When John Howard was elected in 1996, he immediately sent peacekeeping forces into East Timor and advocated Australias support for their independence. The role of this support of an essentially Christian country against a Muslim nation was detrimental to Australias reputation with other Muslim countries. One could also argue, that the political cost of mobilization to help East Timor was lower, since East Timor is also a Christian country. This would prove Huntingtons idea of the kin-country syndrome. This is supported as well by various other decisions made on foreign policy. John Howards foreign policy initiatives during his administration where mainly directed at strengthening the link between Australia and the USA, culminating in a belligerent engagement in Afghanistan and Iraq . Clearly a political course of bandwagoning with the stronger power. Thus, the combination of supporting the US and the Timorese against the Muslim World has had detrimental effects on Australias relationship with Middle Eastern countries and some Asian countries, which has only been improved through the generous relief given to the victims of the Tsunami of 2004. 3.3 Australia, a Torn Country? Australia has undertaken important steps towards economic integration in the South-East Pacific region. It has joined APEC and shown true commitment to its cause by enlarging its annual budget allowance for APEC in 2007 up to AU14.5$ According to Huntington, this shows that Australian leaders are aiming at making a torn country in reverse out of Australia. This means, that they seek to defect from western civilization and to redefine themselves as an Asian country. According to Huntington, Australian leaders argued that their countries future lay within the dynamic economies of East Asia. Yet as Huntington poses, close economic cooperation normally requires a cultural base (like in the EU, Mercosur or NAFTA). Taking the thought even further, even if the Australian elites where willing to go that far, the Australian population would have to give their consent (a very improbable thing to happen) and the new hosting Civilization would have to accept the newcomer (Australia), which is about as improbable . As of now, not a single country has succesfully realigned itself within a new civilizational community, and the chances of it happening look rather bleak. To support the idea of the problematic realignment – in terms of financial interests – it suffices to check the proposals for an All- Asian Free Trade Zone presented by Malaysia in 1990 called the East Asia Economic Caucus (EAEC) or East Asia Economic Group (EAEG), which encompassed member states of ASEAN The initiative was presented due to the dissatisfaction of joining ASEAN (an Asian-states-only institution) with APEC (which has member states from the western civilization as well- i.e. USA, Australia) and was aimed at leaving out any western powers. In the end little was done to materialize any final agreements on implementation of EAEC . Still, this serves as an example to clarify to what extent Australia would have faced difficulties in trying to align itself in a new Civilization. The core countries would have left them out. 4. Conclusion All in all, Huntington presents his thoughts clearly and finds some strong arguments to back his different thesis. After having applied parts of his work to Australia the credit one must give him seems to rise. Yet one should beware taking his work as the new paradigm for international relations since some of his ideas are still unproven. In Australias case, economic cooperation with its neighbours can ensure a rise in the living standards of the nations involved, which in itself has the gracious side effect of improving conditions for democracies to foster. According to the modernization theory, richer populations usually expect more freedom from their governing elite, which in the end usually results in a turn towards a more democratic environment. The better news is that democracies have the tendency to sort problems with other democratic countries in non-violent ways, making a peaceful coexistence easier. That way, Australia could very well forfeit belligerent stands on its diver se neighbours along its faultlines, and instead focus on economic development and free trade. The rise in the budget made for APEC shows that it is willing to invest in means of fighting corruption and empowering free trade in its neighbouring countries which according to Huntingtons Hobbesian view of international relations would seem imposible. List of â€Å"Australia.† Der Fischer Weltalmanach: 2006. Frankfurt a. M. 2006 Huntington, Samuel P.: Kampf der Kulturen, Die Neugestaltung der Weltpolitik im 21. Jahrhundert. Mà ¼nchen: 1996 Huntington, Samuel P.: â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations?† Foreign Affairs, Volume 72 Nr.3, Summer 1993 Fickling, David: â€Å"Australia to send troops to Afghanistan† The Guardian Wednsday July 13, 2005 Hopkins, Andrea: â€Å"Australia let Indonesia invade East Timor in 1975† The Guardian Wednesday September 13, 2000 Information on ASEANs decision regarding EAEC, in: aseansec.org/9269.htm Lubbers, R.F.M: â€Å"A response to Samuel Huntington.† September 1997. December 20th 2007 â€Å"Australia Increases Contribution to APEC.† News Release Issued by the 19th Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Ministerial Meeting Sydney: September 6, 2007 REUTERS: â€Å"Our alliance with the US remains pivotal† The Guardian, Saturday October 9 2004 Rushdie, Salman: â€Å"Yes, this is about Islam.† New York Times, November 2, 2001, January 24, 2008 Triandis, Harry C.: â€Å"Cross-Cultural Studies of Individualism and Collectivism. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation.† New York Times, Dec. 25, 1990 â€Å"Und dann die Atombombe. Gesprch mit Professor Samuel Huntington† Der Spiegel, Nr. 48, 25.11.1996 Research Papers on Huntington - Clash of CivilizationsCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBringing Democracy to AfricaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHip-Hop is Art

The politics of mass consumption in postwar America by Lizabeth Cohen, Essay

The politics of mass consumption in postwar America by Lizabeth Cohen, - Essay Example Explain how the consumer economy, society, and culture during the World War II era affected women and African Americans and how consumerism in the wartime years provided opportunities for both of these groups to claim greater social and political power as â€Å"citizen consumers. Soon after the World War II, the American administration had adopted an effectuate strategy to reconstruct their economy by promoting and expanding mass consumption. Those who were at the helm of affairs took prosperity of Americans, as a central point of their plan. In their thoughts, the demand driven economy not only provide an opportunity for effective recovery but rekindled hopes in Americans for becoming part of an egalitarian society and to raise their heads being a true democratic nation. The idea of mass consumption provided American citizens to live in an ideal situation than before with equal footings with the neighbors (Cohen, 64). The above move was not accidental. It co relates with the histor ical era of 60s and 70s. At that time, the diversified segments of society comprised of African American origin, women, adults and the old citizens began to assess themselves within the ambit of identity politics. Here, the people’s affiliation with specific community defined their cultural awareness and motivation for a consolidated action. If we look back to the era of 60s, we find that those market managers, who failed to respond to the market demands in terms of innovative products, soon disappeared. Mr. Haley, Vice President and corporate researcher very rightly pointed out "it is easier to take advantage of market segments in vogue than to attempt to create new ones" (Cohen. 68) With the advent of new innovative deals and the ending of World War II, sizeable American Consumers got to know their rights as an individual consumer which was instrumental in promoting the generalized goods. In his book Cohen introduced mass consumption philosophy into four parts. In Part I, s he elaborately discussed the "Origins of the Postwar Consumers' Republic,† concerning 30s and 40s era, when a concept of citizen consumer was coined that emanates from women and African-Americans. The said categories accept it a way of life. They consider it  to be  a safer and equitable market place. In the second part namely "The Birth of a Consumers' Republic," wherein she specifically discussed the role of Consumers? She hailed the patriotism of American nation since they fulfilled their obligations by promoting consumerism as a safe passage to economic equality and the political independence. Cohen identifies how consumer related policies helped the consumers to underwrite in terms of GI Bill and the tax code, which benefited the white middle class males segment greatly at the cost of discriminating other stakeholders with particular reference to women and the African Americans origin (Cohen, 85). She also discussed in her book the existing gap between the promise and the reality with regard to the rights of Consumer, instrumental to ignite civil rights movement. The increasing demand of blacks for public accommodation, stores, theaters and restaurants against the backdrop of black access to house themselves in public accommodation e.g. downtown stores, movie theaters, and restaurants can not be ignored. Above mentioned sites of consumption, overshadowed by the privatized new commercial avenues that comes to surface in suburban America. In part III entitled "The Landscape of Mass Consumption," Cohen apprised its readers that how the suburban America queued racial and income lines in accordance with the study of New Jersey State. For him suburban shopping malls not inclined to adopt the model of urban downtowns. In the last part of discussion that drives out from â€Å"The Political Culture of Mass Consumption," shows how the market trend and the national politics could effectively be dealt with the issues of reinforcement and simplification to cope with after war trends.

Summarize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Summarize - Essay Example m 1960 to 1990 fuelled by donors’ emphasis on basic education, there has been little or no response of economic growth to this educational explosion. This in part, is due to the lack of association between growth in schooling and GDP growth as has been noted in several studies. There is a negative and insignificant relationship evident in the comparison drawn between Asia and Africa. Also, a similar study found that there is no relationship between growth in years of schooling and per capital GDP growth. Another study found that disparity in growth across nations have little to do with variations in human capital growth. To mention but three. Although physical capital and human capital growth may have failed to explain variations in growth, some economists assert that physical capital and human capital can explain the large international variations in income. Such was the endeavor of Gregory Mankiw who points out that â€Å"income in the long run in the Solow model is determined by saving in the form of physical capital and by saving in the form of human capital.† To reconcile his position with the nonrelation of growth in output to growth in human capital, Mankiw ties up some loose ends: in the Solow framework (as applied to poor countries) by adding human capital; of the slow growth of poor countries by holding that once capital accumulation and education are controlled for, poor countries did tend to grow fast; and of the lack of capital flow to poor countries by supposing that physical capital as opposed to human capital could move across countries. Easterly identifies three problems with Mankiw’s relationship between secondary enrollement (which he uses as his measure of human capital saving) and income. Firstly, secondary education is not a sufficient measure of educational accumulation so that Mankiw overstated the variation of education in general by a narrowed concentration on it alone. Secondly, to â€Å"assume that capital flow would equalize rates of